Parametric tests

# Parametric tests

## Power divergence test

PowerDivergenceTest(x[, y]; lambda = 1.0, theta0 = ones(length(x))/length(x))

Perform a Power Divergence test.

If y is not given and x is a matrix with one row or column, or x is a vector, then a goodness-of-fit test is performed (x is treated as a one-dimensional contingency table). In this case, the hypothesis tested is whether the population probabilities equal those in theta0, or are all equal if theta0 is not given.

If x is a matrix with at least two rows and columns, it is taken as a two-dimensional contingency table. Otherwise, x and y must be vectors of the same length. The contingency table is calculated using the counts function from the StatsBase package. Then the power divergence test is conducted under the null hypothesis that the joint distribution of the cell counts in a 2-dimensional contingency table is the product of the row and column marginals.

Note that the entries of x (and y if provided) must be non-negative integers.

The power divergence test is given by

$\dfrac{2}{λ(λ+1)}\sum_{i=1}^I \sum_{j=1}^J n_{ij} \left[(n_{ij} /\hat{n}_{ij})^λ -1\right]$

where $n_{ij}$ is the cell count in the $i$ th row and $j$ th column and $λ$ is a real number determining the nature of the test to be performed:

• $λ = 1$: equal to Pearson's chi-squared statistic
• $λ \to 0$: converges to the likelihood ratio test statistic
• $λ \to -1$: converges to the minimum discrimination information statistic (Gokhale and Kullback, 1978)
• $λ = -2$: equals Neyman modified chi-squared (Neyman, 1949)
• $λ = -1/2$: equals the Freeman-Tukey statistic (Freeman and Tukey, 1950).

Under regularity conditions, the asymptotic distributions are identical (see Drost et. al. 1989). The $χ^2$ null approximation works best for $λ$ near $2/3$.

References

• Agresti, Alan. Categorical Data Analysis, 3rd Edition. Wiley, 2013.
source

### Pearson chi-squared test

ChisqTest(x[, y][, theta0 = ones(length(x))/length(x)])

Perform a Pearson chi-squared test (equivalent to a PowerDivergenceTest with $λ = 1$).

If y is not given and x is a matrix with one row or column, or x is a vector, then a goodness-of-fit test is performed (x is treated as a one-dimensional contingency table). In this case, the hypothesis tested is whether the population probabilities equal those in theta0, or are all equal if theta0 is not given.

If x is a matrix with at least two rows and columns, it is taken as a two-dimensional contingency table. Otherwise, x and y must be vectors of the same length. The contingency table is calculated using counts function from the StatsBase package. Then the power divergence test is conducted under the null hypothesis that the joint distribution of the cell counts in a 2-dimensional contingency table is the product of the row and column marginals.

Note that the entries of x (and y if provided) must be non-negative integers.

Implements: pvalue, confint

source

### Multinomial likelihood ratio test

MultinomialLRT(x[, y][, theta0 = ones(length(x))/length(x)])

Perform a multinomial likelihood ratio test (equivalent to a PowerDivergenceTest with $λ = 0$).

If y is not given and x is a matrix with one row or column, or x is a vector, then a goodness-of-fit test is performed (x is treated as a one-dimensional contingency table). In this case, the hypothesis tested is whether the population probabilities equal those in theta0, or are all equal if theta0 is not given.

If x is a matrix with at least two rows and columns, it is taken as a two-dimensional contingency table. Otherwise, x and y must be vectors of the same length. The contingency table is calculated using counts function from the StatsBase package. Then the power divergence test is conducted under the null hypothesis that the joint distribution of the cell counts in a 2-dimensional contingency table is the product of the row and column marginals.

Note that the entries of x (and y if provided) must be non-negative integers.

Implements: pvalue, confint

source

## t-test

OneSampleTTest(xbar::Real, stddev::Real, n::Int, μ0::Real = 0)

Perform a one sample t-test of the null hypothesis that n values with mean xbar and sample standard deviation stddev come from a distribution with mean μ0 against the alternative hypothesis that the distribution does not have mean μ0.

Implements: pvalue, confint

source
OneSampleTTest(v::AbstractVector{T<:Real}, μ0::Real = 0)

Perform a one sample t-test of the null hypothesis that the data in vector v comes from a distribution with mean μ0 against the alternative hypothesis that the distribution does not have mean μ0.

Implements: pvalue, confint

source
OneSampleTTest(x::AbstractVector{T<:Real}, y::AbstractVector{T<:Real}, μ0::Real = 0)

Perform a paired sample t-test of the null hypothesis that the differences between pairs of values in vectors x and y come from a distribution with mean μ0 against the alternative hypothesis that the distribution does not have mean μ0.

Implements: pvalue, confint

source
EqualVarianceTTest(x::AbstractVector{T<:Real}, y::AbstractVector{T<:Real})

Perform a two-sample t-test of the null hypothesis that x and y come from distributions with equal means and variances against the alternative hypothesis that the distributions have different means but equal variances.

Implements: pvalue, confint

source
UnequalVarianceTTest(x::AbstractVector{T<:Real}, y::AbstractVector{T<:Real})

Perform an unequal variance two-sample t-test of the null hypothesis that x and y come from distributions with equal means against the alternative hypothesis that the distributions have different means.

This test is sometimes known as Welch's t-test. It differs from the equal variance t-test in that it computes the number of degrees of freedom of the test using the Welch-Satterthwaite equation:

$ν_{χ'} ≈ \frac{\left(\sum_{i=1}^n k_i s_i^2\right)^2}{\sum_{i=1}^n \frac{(k_i s_i^2)^2}{ν_i}}$

Implements: pvalue, confint

source

## z-test

OneSampleZTest(xbar::Real, stddev::Real, n::Int, μ0::Real = 0)

Perform a one sample z-test of the null hypothesis that n values with mean xbar and population standard deviation stddev come from a distribution with mean μ0 against the alternative hypothesis that the distribution does not have mean μ0.

Implements: pvalue, confint

source
OneSampleZTest(v::AbstractVector{T<:Real}, μ0::Real = 0)

Perform a one sample z-test of the null hypothesis that the data in vector v comes from a distribution with mean μ0 against the alternative hypothesis that the distribution does not have mean μ0.

Implements: pvalue, confint

source
OneSampleZTest(x::AbstractVector{T<:Real}, y::AbstractVector{T<:Real}, μ0::Real = 0)

Perform a paired sample z-test of the null hypothesis that the differences between pairs of values in vectors x and y come from a distribution with mean μ0 against the alternative hypothesis that the distribution does not have mean μ0.

Implements: pvalue, confint

source
EqualVarianceZTest(x::AbstractVector{T<:Real}, y::AbstractVector{T<:Real})

Perform a two-sample z-test of the null hypothesis that x and y come from distributions with equal means and variances against the alternative hypothesis that the distributions have different means but equal variances.

Implements: pvalue, confint

source
UnequalVarianceZTest(x::AbstractVector{T<:Real}, y::AbstractVector{T<:Real})

Perform an unequal variance two-sample z-test of the null hypothesis that x and y come from distributions with equal means against the alternative hypothesis that the distributions have different means.

Implements: pvalue, confint

source